Physical Layer Technologies
Twisted pair cabling
- Usually the one you have at home
- Twisted pair categories
- When a signals jump from a wire to wire, it's called crosstalk.
- this is why they are twisted, to avoid crosstalk.
- STP
- UTP
Connectors
Diffrent Cat Type cables.
|
|
| Cat 1 |
Doorbell |
| Cat 2 |
Token Ring |
| Cat 3 |
Telephone / 10Mbps Ethernet |
| Cat 4 |
High Speed Token Ring |
| Cat 5 |
100Mb Ethernet |
| Cat 5e |
Gigabit Ethernet |
| Cat 6 |
Gigabit Ethernet |
The plastic "core" you find in Cat 6 cables is working as a spacer for the cables, and is twisted in such a way that gives the best possible speeds for that cable.
EIA/TIA-568-B
| Pin |
Meaning |
Wire Color |
| 1 |
Transmit + |
White/Orange |
| 2 |
Transmit - |
Orange |
| 3 |
Receive + |
White/Green |
| 4 |
|
Blue |
| 5 |
|
White/Blue |
| 6 |
Receive - |
Green |
| 7 |
|
White/Brown |
| 8 |
|
Brown |
- Crossover Cable
- When to use
- Need to connect a
- Switch to Switch
- Router to Router
- PC to PC
- But it's not needed now as it's not needed with newer gear.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 | 568-B 568-A
------------ ---------
TX + 1 W/O TX 1 G/O
TX - 2 O TX 2 G
RX + 3 W/G RX 3 W/O
RX 4 BL RX 4 BL
RX 5 W/BL RX 5 BL/O
RX - 6 G RX 6 O
?? 7 W/BR ?? 7 W/BR
?? 8 BR ?? 8 BR
|
Coaxial cabling
- Cable TV / Cable Internet
- Antenna connections
- LMR-200, LMR-400, LMR-900
- MANY connector
Serial cabling
proprietary cabling
Fiber Optics
- SPF - Small Pluggable Formfactor
- Single mode Fiber
- LX (long haul) Laser
- Distance: 70 km
- Multi mode Fiber
- SX (short haul) Laser
- Distance: 1/2-1 km
- Connector Types
- ST connector
- SC connector
- LC connector (most used)
Wireless Ethernet
- 802.11
- Spectrum
- 2.4 Ghz
- Channels
- Each channel is 22 MHz apart.
- Start: 1 - 2.4000 Ghz
- Stop: 14 - 2.499 Ghz
- 5 Ghz
- Channels
- Start: 36 - 5.180 GHz
- Stop: 161 - 5.835 GHz
- DFS - Dynamic Frequency Selection